Section 2 1 Organisms and Their Relationship Continued
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Section 1: Organisms and Their Relationships Biotic and abiotic factors interact in complex ways in communities and ecosystems.
Essential Questions • What is the difference between abiotic factors and biotic factors? • What are the interactions between the levels of biological communities? • What is the difference between an organism's habitat and its niche? Class Activities: • • • Online Lab–Exploring Ecosystems Abiotic factor-Biotic Factor Quiz Symbiosis Homework and Quiz Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education Organisms and Their Relationships
Vocabulary Review • species New • • ecology biosphere biotic factor abiotic factor population biological community ecosystem biome Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education • • habitat niche predation symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism Organisms and Their Relationships
Ecology Organisms depend on other organisms and nonliving factors in their environment for survival. • Ecology is the branch of Biology that studies relationships and interactions between organisms and their environment. Ecologists observe, experiment, and model using a variety of tools and methods. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Dfy 2 q. Yf. UWE 0 https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=og. JYVZBqkn. M Organisms and Their Relationships
The Biosphere • The biosphere is the portion of the Earth that supports life. Land, freshwater, saltwater, lower portions of the atmosphere, and areas beneath the Earth's surface https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=r 17 k. LJx. Jcw. M https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Fp 6 Qqour. Olc
The Biosphere Biotic Factors • Biotic factors are living factors in an organism's environment. Abiotic Factors • • Abiotic factors are the nonliving factors in an organism's environment. Organisms adapt to survive in the abiotic factors present in their natural environment. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=pk 33 d. TVHre. Q
Levels of Organization The biosphere is too large and complex to study as a whole. Ecologist divide the biosphere into levels of organization to study. The levels of organization are: • organism • population • biological community • ecosystem • biome • biosphere Organisms and Their Relationships
Levels of Organization Organisms, populations, and biological communities The lowest level of organization is an individual organism. Organisms of a single species that share the same geographic location at the time make up a population. A biological community is a group of interacting populations that occupy the same geographic area at the same time. Organisms and Their Relationships
Exploring Ecosystems (In your online textbook) https: //connected. mcgrawhill. com/media/repository/protected_content/COMPOUND/50000025 /14/14/index. html? mgh. Course. ID=2 O 4 EKO 3 KVL 8 RLBBJZV 8 L 8 W 8 OJQ Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education Organisms and Their Relationships
Ecosystem Interactions A habitat is an area where an organism lives. A niche is the role or position that an organism has in its environment.
Community Interactions Competition • • Occurs when more than one organism uses a resource at the same time Competition is stronger when resources are scarce. Predation • • Predation is the act of one organism pursuing and consuming another organism for food. The organism that pursues the other is the predator, the organism being pursued is the prey. Organisms and Their Relationships
Community Interactions Symbiotic relationships Symbiosis is the close relationship that exists when two or more species live together. There are three types of symbiosis: • Mutualism: both organisms benefit • Commensalism: one organism benefits, the other is neither helped nor harmed • Parasitism: one organism benefits at the expense of the other https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=z. Sm. L 2 F 1 t 81 Q
https: //connected. mcgrawhill. com/media/repository/protected_content/COMPOUND/50000025/14/10/02_1_quiz_eng/02_L 1_quiz_eng. html? mgh. Course. ID=2 O 4 EKO 3 KVL 8 RLBBJZV 8 L 8 W 8 OJQ Review Essential Questions • • • What is the difference between abiotic factors and biotic factors? What are the interactions between the levels of biological communities? What is the difference between an organism's habitat and its niche? Vocabulary • • • ecology biosphere biotic factor abiotic factor population Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education • • • biological community ecosystem biome habitat niche • • • predation symbiosis mutualism commensalism parasitism Organisms and Their Relationships
Section 2 Essential Questions • What are the producers and consumers in an ecosystem? • How does energy flow through an ecosystem? • What are food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramid models? Class Activities: • • Constructing a Halloween Food Web Understanding the Pyramids of Energy, Biomass, and Numbers Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Vocabulary Review New • • • energy Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education autotroph heterotroph herbivore carnivore omnivore detritivore trophic level food chain food web biomass Flow of Energy in an Ecosystem
Energy in an Ecosystem Autotrophs An autotroph (producer) is an organism that uses energy from the _____ or _________to make food. Autotrophs are the foundation of all ecosystems because the make energy available for all other organisms.
Energy in an Ecosystem Heterotrophs A heterotroph, or consumer, is an organism that gets its energy by _____ organisms. An herbivore eats only _______ A carnivore eats _____ An omnivore eats both ______ and _______ A detritivore eats fragments of ______ matter
Models of Energy Flow Food chains and food webs model the energy flow through an ecosystem. Each step in a food chain or food web is called a _____. Organisms at each level get their energy from the _________them.
Models of Energy Flow Food chains • A food chain is a simple model that shows how ________________.
Models of Energy Flow Food webs • A food web is a model representing ___________________within an ecosystem.
Models of Energy Flow Ecological pyramids An ecological pyramid is a diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy, biomass, or numbers of organisms at each trophic level. Biomass is ________________at each trophic level.
Review Essential Questions • • • What are the producers and consumers in an ecosystem? How does energy flow through an ecosystem? What are food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramid models? Vocabulary • • autotroph heterotroph herbivore carnivore • • • omnivore detritivore trophic level • • • food chain food web biomass
Essential Questions How do nutrients move through biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem? Why are nutrients important to living organisms? What are the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and how are they alike? Class Activities: • • Biogeochemical Cycle Poster Biogeochemical cycle Questions
Vocabulary Review New • • • cycle matter nutrient biogeochemical cycle nitrogen fixation denitrification
Cycles in the Biosphere Natural processes cycle matter and nutrients through the biosphere. The cycling of nutrients through the biosphere involves both living organisms and physical processes. The exchange of matter through the biosphere is called the _________. Water Cycle Nitrogen Cycle Carbon Cycle Mineral Cycle Life Cycle Matter is anything that takes up _______ and has ______. A nutrient is a _________that an organism needs to obtain from its environment in order to survive.
Cycles in the Biosphere The Water Cycle • • • Water evaporates from bodies of water, soil, and ______. Water returns from the atmosphere in the form of precipitation. All living organisms rely on fresh water, which constitutes only ____% of the water on Earth.
Cycles in the Biosphere The carbon and oxygen cycles • • • Carbon and oxygen often make up molecules ________. Carbon and oxygen recycle relatively quickly through _____________. Carbon and oxygen enter a longterm cycle when _____________________.
Cycles in the Biosphere The nitrogen cycle • • • The conversion of nitrogen gas into a form that is useable by a plant is called nitrogen fixation. __________________________. Nitrogen returns to the atmosphere through _______ – where bacteria convert ______ nitrogen back into nitrogen ______.
Cycles in the Biosphere The Phosphorus Cycle • • • _______ is essential for the growth and development of organisms. Phosphorus cycles quickly as phosphates through _______________________________________ Long-term, phosphorus is _____ or _____ from rocks and added to the cycle.
Review Essential Questions • • • How do nutrients move through biotic and abiotic parts of an ecosystem? Why are nutrients important to living organisms? What are the biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and how are they alike? Vocabulary • matter • nutrient Copyright © Mc. Graw-Hill Education • biogeochemical cycle • nitrogen fixation • denitrification Cycling of Matter
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